动词go有离去,走,进行,变成,趋于,达到,求助于,诉诸,打赌,忍受,出产等意思。1.Go用于名词① Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers who live life “on the go” and use cellphones.王梅象许多中国青少年一样,使用手机,享受着“移动人生”。这里“on the go”意思是“忙个不停”,“跑来跑去”。② Can I have a go on your new bike?我可以骑你的新车试试吗?“have a go”,意思是“试一试”。③ Although it is late into the night they are working full of go.虽然夜已经很深了,但他们仍然干劲十足地工作着。“full of go”,意思是“充满精力”。
2.Go用于系动词① Vegetables usually go bad as soon as we are at sea.我们一到海上,蔬菜通常都烂了。“go”的意思是“变为”,“变得”。又如:One question is that these telephones keep going wrong.问题是,这种电话经常出毛病。Mary held her breath and her whole body went cold.玛丽屏住呼吸,她的全身开始变冷。The things went well 事情发展顺利。② Would you like to go boating?你愿意去划船吗?“go”后接swim,skate,climb,bath,walk,boat,ride,shop等动词时,这些动词常用-ing形式。3.Go用于定义动词,除了作“去”、“走”(如:go to school)之意外,go还有多种引申义,在不同的语境中含义不同:① Services also go by many different names.服务也有多种名目。② The pain has gone.止疼了。③ There goes the bell.铃响了。④ One of the stories goes like this.其中一个故事是这样讲的。⑤ The tradition goes back to the eighth century.这个惯例起源于公元8世纪。⑥ Her hearing has gone,but she is very heallhy for a 90-year-old person.虽然她的听力丧失了,但作为一个90岁的老人她是健康的。4.be going to结构① I’m going to clean my room.我来打扫我的房间。(接不定式,具有将来意义。)② who are going to Mary’s party?谁将参加玛丽的晚会?(接名词或代词时,是用其进行形式表示将来)“go+现在分词”用法归纳:1. 表示方式或伴随go后接现在分词可以表示“去”的方式,或者是伴随“去”还有另一个动作同时在发生。如:She slipped and went hurtling downstairs. 她一失足咕噜噜跌下楼梯。The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。
2. 表示进行某活动后接dancing, shopping, fishing, hiking, hunting, skating, skiing, surfing, swimming, walking等,表示去进行该活动,其用法与上面讲到的“come+现在分词”相似,只是方向不同,一个表示“来”做某事,一个表示“去”做某事。如:They are going skiing. 他们要去滑雪。They are going sailing. 他们要去航行了。I’ m going shopping this afternoon. 今天下午我要去购物。come与go的用法与搭配:1. come 和 go 是一对反义词,come(来)所表示的方向是朝向说话者的位置,而go(去)所表示的方向是离开说话者的位置。如:come here(来这儿),come to school(来上学),go there(去那儿),go to school(去上学)。2. 两者之后均可用 and 来代替一个表目的的不定式。如:Come and have a drink. 来喝一杯。He went and bought some envelopes. 他去买了些信封。3. come 之后可接不定式,表示经过某一过程而发生某一情况,常译为“开始”“渐渐地”“终于”,但是动词go不能这样用。如:How did you come to know her? 你是怎么认识她的?You’ll come to understand your parents someday. 你总有一天会理解你的父母。4. come 和 go 之后均可接现在分词,但有区别:(1) come+现在分词,主要用来说明“来”的方式。如:He came running to welcome us. 他跑过来欢迎我们。The children came running to meet us. 孩子们跑着来迎接我们。A large stone came flying through the window. 从窗外扔进来一块大石头。另外,该结构还可用来谈论体育和娱乐活动,与go doing sth用法相似,只是“方向”不同。如:Would you like to come sailing? 你愿意来坐船游览吗?Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我们一起游泳吧。Why don’t you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚来和我们一起溜冰好吗?(2) go+现在分词,表示“去做……”,这类词组大多与体育、娱乐、日常生活等有关。如:We often go swimming together. 我们常一道去游泳。Let’s go boating this afternoon. 今天下午我们去划船吧。He finished lunch and went shopping. 他吃完午饭而后去买东西。另外,该结构有时还可表示警告,用于建议做某事不好的事,此时多用于否定句。如:Don’t go saying that! 不要这样讲话!Don’t go looking for trouble, Maria. 不要去找麻烦了,玛丽亚。You shouldn’t go boasting about your achievements. 你不应当夸耀你的成就。5. come 和 go 都可用作连系动词,表示事物状态的变化。如:The handle has come loose. 这个把柄松了。The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不应挨饿。两者之后所接形容词通常各有其特点,有时还可从好坏方面去区别:即 come 用于“好”的变化,go 用于“坏”的变化。如:Her dream has come true. 她的梦想实现了。Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 大热天鱼很容易坏。另外,表示人的生理变化通常用 go,如go blind(变瞎),go deaf(变聋),go
grey(两鬓渐白)等,但是go通常不与 old, ill, tired 等连用。6. come 有时可以表示参加到对方的活动之中去(即使这种运动方向本身要求用 go)。如:A:Will you come to see me tonight? 今晚来看我好吗?B:Yes, I’ll come. 好,我来。A:Please come at once. Dinner is ready. 晚餐准备好了,请快来。B:OK, I’m coming. 好,我就来。(若用 Oh, I’m going. 对方可能会理解为“噢,我要出去”。)一般说来,在这种情况有以下3点需注意:(1) 表示到听话人(包括收信人)那儿去,通常用 come。如:I’ll come to see you one of these days. 过几天我来看你。(2) 邀请对方一起去某地,可用 come 或 go。一般说来,用 come含有一种自己决定要去的意味,而用 go 则含有一种请求和商量的意味。如:Would you like to come [go] with us? 你和我们一起去好吗?(3) 表示“我同你一起去”这样的意义时,可用 come 或 go。如:I will come [go] with you. 我和你一起去。come和go后接现在分词的用法归纳与对比:一、表示日常生活或娱乐come 和 go 后接日常生活的某些活动或娱乐活动,表示来做某事或去做某事,此时两者用法基本相同,只是“方向”不同。1. come doing 的用例Come dancing. 来跳舞。Would you like to come sailing? 你愿意来坐船游览吗?Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我们一起游泳吧。Why don’t you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚来和我们一起溜冰好吗?2. go doing 的用例It’s dangerous to go skating on the lake. 在湖上滑冰有危险。I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳,其余的人都打网球去了。Could you look after the kids while I go shopping? 我去买东西,你照管一下孩子,好吗?On Saturdays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing. 我小的时候,我们星期六都一早起床去钓鱼。说明:在这类用法中,go doing 远比 come doing 用得普通,同时 go doing 的搭配能力也比 come doing 强得多,通常能这样搭配的现在分词有 climbing, cycling, exploring, dancing, fishing, hiking, hunting, rambling, riding, roller-skating, sailing, shooting, skating, skiing, surfing, swimming, walking, water-skiing 等。二、表示“来”“去”的方式come 和 go 后面可以跟表示运动的动词的现在分词,可以“来”“去”的方式,含有“……来”“……去”之意,但在具体翻译时应灵活处理。1. come doing的用例She came running into the room. 她跑进屋来。Memories of his childhood came flooding back. 他童年的往事涌上心头。2. go doing的用例She went sobbing up the stairs. 她呜咽着上楼去了。The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。三、“go+现在分词”的其他用法除以上用法外,“go+现在分词”还可用于警告,表示建议不要做某种不好的事。该用法多用于否定句。如:Don’t go saying that! 不要这样讲话!Don’t go looking for trouble, Maria. 不要去找麻烦了,玛丽亚。You shouldn’t go boasting about your achievements. 你不应当夸耀你的成就。四、两点易错说明1. 与介词的搭配问题go [come] doing 结构后接介词时,通常应是表示地点的介词,而不能是表示方向的介词。如:我到河里去游泳了。正:I went swimming in the river.误:I went swimming to the river.她到哈罗兹去买东西了。正:She went shopping at Harrods。误:She went shopping to Harrods。在湖上滑冰有危险。正:It’s dangerous to go skating on the lake.误:It’s dangerous to go skating to the lake.2. 词义的误解有个别表达词义比较特殊,不能套用一般结构的意思去理解,注意不要弄错,如 go begging 这个结构,它在现代英语中的意思不是“去乞讨”,而是“东西没人要”“职位没人干”。如:Those jobs went begging. 那些职位没有人肯干。
标签: